Considering the current position of english around the world, language education based on the assumption that learners of english will only communicate with native. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english dictionary. The phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has a number of implications for the practice of english language teaching. World englishes, english as a lingua franca and teacher education world englishes debate lead to related issues such as english as a lingua franca and teaching world englishes and teacher education. English as a lingua franca has gradually been established as the main term of what earlier was referred to, and occasionally still is, as english as an international language, english as a global language, or english as a world language seidlhofer 2004.
English as a lingua franca elf is a functional term referring to the use of english as a common language by speakers of different first languages. Because of its history, english has had a headstart on other european language to serve as that lingua, and today despite many critics, including native speakers of english its function as a link medium between speakers of different languages seems established. The english as a foreign language lingua franca debate. English today is used far more by its nonnative speakers than. English today is, no doubt, a lingua franca in the sense of unescos broad definition, but it is at the same time a native language of a substantial subset of participants in the communication that is expressed. English is the current lingua franca of international business, science, technology and aviation. English as a lingua franca elt journal oxford academic. Research into english as a lingua franca has been slower to take off, despite pioneering work by a. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to. It has replaced french as the lingua franca of diplomacy since world war ii.
This is the english that is most widely used for scientific and scholarly pursuits, and as it comprises. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. Sustainable english language teacher development at scale. The function of english as a lingua franca for communication needs rethinking in the teaching of english as a foreign language classroom as a consequence of globalisation.
Such deliberation is not yet prevalent among academics and prac. English as a lingua franca, english language teaching, teacher education, intercultural communicative competence, transformative learning. But today the majority of english speakers are located in the outer. Pdf english as a lingua franca used at international meetings. View english as a lingua franca research papers on academia. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The british empire colonized a significant portion of the earth. English as a lingua franca in esp blogs at helsinkiuni. This chapter proposes two alternative models for assessing english as a lingua franca elf. The choice of a language that becomes a lingua franca, so merely the language.
Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english. We first make the case for idiomaticity in english. As teachers of english, we should be familiar with the movement called english as a lingua franca and the implications for our teaching, concerning both content and methods. The center for english as a lingua franca celf, an initiative of a private. A lingua franca is a language which is used as a means of communication among people who have no native language in common. English is the worlds lingua franca today, but how did it get to be that way.
English as a lingua franca elf is english when it is used between two or more. English as a lingua franca research papers academia. The question leads to seek clarification as to benefits to whom. Keywordsenglish, global lingua franca, history, evolution, simultaneous. The center for english as a lingua franca celf, an initiative of a private university in tokyo, was founded with serious consideration given to the pedagogical implications of the widespread use of english as a lingua franca elf. Preamble very languages on the globe is found going. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion.
English operates as a lingua franca at a number of different levels, including local, national, regional and international. How and why did english supplant french as the worlds. Perspectives on business english as a lingua franca in. Should english be used as a compulsory lingua franca in. If we assume that every scholar or prospective scholar in a field is familiar with a lingua franca i.
English is widely regarded as having become the global language but will it retain its preeminence in the 21st century. The term english as a lingua franca elf refers to the teaching, learning, and use of the english language as a common means of communication or contact language for speakers of different native languages. Englishasalinguafranca barbaraseidlhofer in recent years, the term english as a lingua fra nca elf has emerged as a way of referring to communication in english between speakers with different. What emerges from much of the discussion, however, is that there seems. Since roughly only one out of every four users of english in the world is a native speaker of the language crystal 2003. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british council. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and a.
English will remain, for the foreseeable future, the lingua franca of science and technology. View english as a lingua franca elf research papers on academia. Although english is unlikely to be displaced as the worlds most important. The world in which it is used is in the early stages of major. Challenges for applied linguistics volume 26 barbara seidlhofer, angelika breiteneder, marieluise pitzl. English as a lingua franca, english as a foreign language, communicative. Analysis of the history, evolution of english and its impact on other languages leads us to sketch out a prospective future of it as a global lingua franca. We also briefly saw that intelligibility in elf is usually achieved when speakers are competent in the.
Analysis of the history, evolution of english and its impact on other languages leads us to sketch out a prospective future of it as a global lingua. Nov 12, 2017 the question leads to seek clarification as to benefits to whom. Considering the current position of english around the world, language education based on. Policy makers in africa should be pragmatic and ensure that their populations are equipped to benefit from, and. Englishasalinguafranca barbaraseidlhofer in recent years, the term english as a lingua franca elf has emerged as a way of referring to communication in english between speakers with different. Barbara seidlhofer, english as a lingua fra nca, elt journal, volume 59, issue 4, october 2005, pages 339341. Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom. Center for intercultural dialogue key concepts in intercultural dialogue english as business lingua franca belf anne kankaanranta and leena louhialasalminen department of management studies. A lingua franca or working language, bridge language, vehicular language is a language systematically used for communication, possibly among people who do not. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples log in dictionary. English today is used far more by its nonnative speakers than native speakers.
World englishes, english as an international language and. These may be defined according to kachrus three circles. For this reason, although she did not consider it problematic if other taiwanese people spoke english with a. English is also used in situations where one of the speakers is a. English as a foreign language efl is english when it is used by nonnative speakers to communicate with native speakers. English as a lingua franca the globalisation of english. English as a lingua franca elf is english when it is used between two or more people who do not have the same first language. We would have to invent the language we are supposed to.
The phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has become the subject of considerable debate during the past few years. The pragmatic reality of elf in certain contexts is revealing as is evident in ngs reflective. Richard nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and english at georgia southern university and the author of several. Lingua franca simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. However, the term that is now most widely used, and which i will be using here and in the following articles, is english as a lingua franca elf. The rise of english in diplomacy began in 1919, after world war i, when the treaty of versailles was. In 2000, david crystal was already writing about emerging englishes, and warning english. English is and will be the lingua franca of europe in. English, says nicholas ostler, is a textbook example of a language with a large mother tongue community that is also widely used as a lingua franca the last lingua franca. We would have to invent the language we are supposed to teach. Oxford university press is a department of the university of oxford.
The uses of english internationally are not just related to the expanding circle, but also it includes. At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages. Business english as a lingua franca marinel gerritsen and catherine nickerson introduction communication between speakers of di. The world in which it is used is in the early stages of major social, economic and demographic transition. English as a lingua franca and some implications for english teachers penny ur 2009 initial concepts and assumptions probably between two and three billion people speak english. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue.
Policy makers in africa should be pragmatic and ensure that their populations are equipped to benefit from, and contribute to, research by adopting english as the language of education. There may be native speakers present, but they would be in the minority. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. It started with the british empire and the colonization of america. Pdf the phenomenon of english as a lingua franca elf has become the subject of considerable debate during the past few years. Pdf the paper deals with the use of english as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca speakers not learners anna mauranen university of. In the past, arabic became the lingua franca of the islamic world from ad 733 ad 1492, which at a certain point spread from the. A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do. Among the key themes covered are the development of english as a lingua franca among speakers for whom english is a common but not first language, the parallel development of english as a medium. English medium instruction and idiomaticity in english as. Yet its present spread and use are so new that english as a lingua franca elf in.
A lingua franca english plural lingua francas, although the pseudolatin form linguae francae is also seen is a language systematically used to make communication. Read online understanding english as a lingua franca, as a. Lingua franca i engelsk, stx og hf undervisning i engelsk som lingua franca teksten beskriver et nyt begreb i l. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british. Kaur, preempting problems of understanding in english as a lingua franca, in english as a lingua franca.
Because of its history, english has had a headstart on other european language to serve as that lingua, and today despite many critics. Thomason 2001 english today spoken more widely as a l2 than as a l1 the. This paper critically considers the implications of the growth of englishmedium instruction emi globally for idiomaticity in english as a lingua franca elf. It is undeniably the only global lingua franca used in a wide variety of international domains, including international.
English as a lingua franca from the classroom to the classroom jennifer jenkins english has served as a means of communication among speakers of different first languages i. English as a lingua franca is a remote idea for efl students, creating a learning context can be challenging. Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and. English as a lingua franca i n my first article on english as a lingua franca elf met vol. English as a lingua franca elf research papers academia. Note that i normally use the term native english speaker to refer to both inner and outer circle speakers. Tests based on the first model resemble existing approaches to assessing english as a foreign. The objective of this bachelor thesis is to study english as a lingua franca, namely its. A lingua franca or working language, bridge language, vehicular language is a language systematically used for communication, possibly among people who do not share a common language. English for international communication between nonnative speakers. Efl instructors perceptions and practices on english as a. English is and will be the lingua franca of europe in spite of brexit.
Barbara seidlhofer, english as a lingua franca, elt journal, volume 59, issue 4, october 2005, pages 339341. The routledge handbook of english as a lingua franca. What are the benefits of english being a lingua franca. Language learning and use succeed through performance strategies, situational resources, and social negotiations in. English as a lingua franca the globalization of english. English as a lingua franca a native culturefree code. Center for intercultural dialogue key concepts in intercultural dialogue english as business lingua franca belf anne kankaanranta and leena louhialasalminen department of management studies, aalto university school of business, finland what is it. There are arguably benefits to the world in having a lingua franca. Lingua franca english, multilingual communities, and language.
It is undeniably the only global lingua franca used in a wide variety of international. A lingua franca is a common language used in international communication. It furthers the universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. However, the term that is now most widely used, and which i will be using here and in the following articles, is english as a lingua.
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